More accurate. Less often- changes to the Pap smear test
- By websitebuilder
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- 23 Jul, 2018
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Cervical screening has changed in Australia. The Pap test has been replaced by a new 'Cervical Screening Test' every five years. Below we cover what you need to know about the changes and what this then means for you.
Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers. Regular cervical screening is your best protection against cervical cancer. The new Test is expected to protect up to 30% more women.
Less often, more accurate
What’s changed: A Snap Shot
• You'll be tested every five years, instead of every two
• You won't start having tests until you're 25 years old, up from 18 years old
• Self-collection using vaginal swabs will be an option for some women
• Tests will now continue until you're 74, instead of stopping when you turn 69
Cervical screening as a routine only is available for 25-74 years and will now be performed only every 5 years. This sounds like a long time, but it takes 5-10 years for the virus to cause cancerous changes.
Why the change?
The switch in testing is more accurate and expected to reduce cervical cancer rates by up 30%, and therefore resulting in fewer deaths and less anxiety for women about to have a pap test.
How is the Cervical Screening Test different to the Pap test?
The method of sample collection is the same in both the Pap test and the Cervical Screening Test – so if you’ve had a Pap test before, you won’t notice any difference at your screening appointment.
A Pap test (or Pap smear) looked for cells in the cervix that had changed or become abnormal. The Cervical Screening Test looks for HPV – the infection that causes these cell changes.
Do you still have to have the test if you're HPV vaccinated?
Yes. Even if you've had the HPV vaccine, you could still get it, and should be tested.
The vaccine, which is given to girls and boys aged between 12 and 14 as part of Australia's National HPV Vaccination Program, protects against the two most common types of HPV — but not all.
Do other countries screen this way?
While many countries are considering the change, Australia will be one of the first in the world to change from pap test to HPV tests.
More about HPV:
HPV: the cancer-causing virus
• HPV is a sexually transmitted infection
• Up to 80 per cent of adults will be infected at some point
• More than 120 HPV viruses are known to infect skin and mucous membranes
• Many carriers do not know they are infected and fight off the infection without symptoms
• Some HPV types cause warts — such as flat warts, genital warts, and plantar warts
• 20 HPV virus types cause cancers including cervical, head and neck, penile, vulva and vagina, anal, and skin
• Not everyone infected with those HPV types develops cancer
• Most of those cancer cases are caused by HPV16 or HPV18
• In 2002, WHO estimated HPV caused 5.2 per cent of all cancers worldwide
What else can I do to prevent cervical cancer?
• Take actions to decrease your risk of contracting a sexually transmitted infection (STI); for example, always using condoms
• Consider the HPV vaccine. If you were not vaccinated as part of the school-based program, speak to your doctor about whether this option is right for you
• Quitting smoking (or never starting) is a key step in protecting yourself against, and reducing your risk of, cervical cancer
Women of any age who experience symptoms, such as pain or unusual bleeding, should speak to their doctor immediately and not wait for their next Cervical Screening Test.
Please contact Newcastle Obstetrics & Ultrasound for Women in Warners Bay on 4947 4903 to book your next test and please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any queries or concerns.
More information on gynaecology services at Newcastle Obstetrics & Ultrasound for Women here
http://www.newcastleobstetrics.com/
Resources:
http://www.cancerscreening.gov.au/internet/screening/publishing.nsf/content/cervical-screening-1
Are you feeling exhausted with your pregnancy, but unsure about whether it’s safe to include caffeinated drinks to help boost you? You may have heard that it may not be great, but what actually are the facts?
Do you know how much is too much, and are you having too much? Should you cut it out all together?
How much is too much?
It is recommended that 200mg or less of caffeine per day may significantly reduce the risk of adverse birth and pregnancy outcomes associated with caffeine intake.
This table will help you to work out how you might add up to your 200g. We’re certainly not recommending the energy or soft drinks lol, but some of these might sneak into your day without you realising.
| Dose |
Amount of caffeine |
| 1 teaspoonful of instant coffee |
60mg |
| 1 cup (200ml) |
100mg |
| 1 shot espresso |
90mg |
| 1 black tea teabag |
50mg |
| 1 green tea teabag |
30mg |
| Energy drinks |
110mg |
| Cola soft drinks |
40mg |
| 60g milk or dark chocolate |
30-40mg |
What could go wrong?
Several studies that suggest that caffeine consumption during pregnancy may cause foetal growth restrictions, which are known to have detrimental impacts on foetal development.
One recent review depicts that caffeine intake during pregnancy may increase the baby’s risk of having a low birth weight. Authors commented that low birth weight infants may experience excess growth during infancy, childhood obesity and chronic disease later in life.
What did Margaret do?
Many women actually develop an aversion to coffee and even tea during pregnancy, but Margaret was not one of those. We were able to help with supporting her to cut down on her 4+ cups of coffee each day by providing alternative ideas that fitted with her tastes and habits. She was down to two or less within a week of her visit. Margaret was pleasantly surprised how good decaffeinated coffee tasted nowadays as she used to think it was nasty.
What could you drink instead?
An easy swap for coffee is decaf coffee and just swapping to tea may also be enough for you. You may find some herbal teas are quite tasty, and if you’re suffering with morning sickness many find the lemon and ginger flavoured one can make a big difference. Of course, there’s always water and carbonated water, and if you want some flavour why not try the cold water tea bags which are caffeine free. Milk-based drinks and even the nut-milks can be a good option too. If these ideas don’t appeal to you, check with your dietitian for more ideas.
How are you managing?
Are you having more than your two cups of coffee or three to four cups of tea? What are you substituting the extra ones for?
Call us to chat on 0249710770, remembering that we can arrange TeleHealth consults if you're too busy or live too far away. Accredited Practising Dietitian Sally Marchini at Marchini Nutrition is one of the specialist dietitians from the Australia-wide network Nutrition Plus who offer more than just nutrition advice - they offer experience, problem solving, understanding and most importantly compassion to assist you on your health journey in preconception, pregnancy, postnatally and for specific health concerns. Sally can be contacted via her website www.marchininutrition.com, the Nutrition Plus website www.nutritionplus.com.au, by telephone on 02-4971-0770, or by email at sally@marchininutrition.com
References:
(1) Adherence to the Caffeine Intake Guideline during Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study, by Amy Peacock et al., Nutrients 2018, 10(3), 319; ttps://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030319
(2) Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and childhood growth and overweight: results from a large Norwegian prospective observational cohort study, by Eleni Papadopoulou et al., BMJ Open 2018;8:e018895. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018895
by Sally Marchini Accredited Practising Dietitian at Marchini Nutrition, Swansea
The colder months of winter can often cause our immune system to falter, putting us at risk of catching viruses such as the common cold. What we choose to eat during this period, especially if we’re pregnant, can make a big difference.
As well as the ‘usuals’ that we know contain the vitamins that keep us well such as fresh fruit and vegetables, an important consideration is our gut microbiome.
That’s the trillions of bacteria that live in our large intestine. It’s known that if we have sufficient numbers of the ‘good’ bacteria in our gut microbiome that they work hard to help keep us well. The way that we can ensure that they stay well is to feed them the food they like to eat. Fortunately for us in this colder weather, it’s many of the foods that we want to eat for comfort anyway that also prove to be so nutritious for our bub and its future health.
It is important during pregnancy to eat well and takes care of your health. This will ensure the baby has the best chance of a healthy life. A woman's body goes through many changes during pregnancy and different body shapes will be affected by pregnancy in different ways.
About one third of women start their pregnancy overweight and this can cause problems for both the mother and the baby. If you can, plan for your pregnancy. It is best to start pregnancy within the healthy weight range.
Aim to monitor your weight gain throughout your pregnancy by weighing yourself every couple of weeks.
All women who are pregnant without complications should be encouraged to participate in aerobic and strength-conditioning exercises as part of a healthy lifestyle during their pregnancy. A reasonable goal should be to maintain a good fitness level throughout pregnancy without trying to reach peak fitness.
It is important to stay well hydrated, wear comfortable and non-restrictive clothing (such as a correctly fitted bra and appropriate footwear) and where possible, avoid excessive over-heating.
Exercise during pregnancy offers many physical and emotional benefits. Physical activity may also help manage some symptoms of pregnancy and make you feel better, knowing you’re doing something good for yourself and your baby.
Getting the cold or flu when you are pregnant can affect your unborn baby. If you are considering pregnancy or are already pregnant, it is highly recommended that you have the flu vaccination to help protect you and your baby.
This can be a very exciting and overwhelming time of your life, filled with many, many questions. Take a deep breath, below we have compiled a list of useful questions that you can ask your obstetrician or midwife during your first prenatal visit to help reassure you and give you peace of mind during your wonderful journey.
It is important that you feel well-informed about your antenatal care and have accurate expectations about what will happen when you go into labour. The first prenatal visit usually happens between weeks 8 and 10, but it’s a good idea to let your provider know as soon as you find out you are pregnant.
Here are some useful questions you can ask during your first prenatal visit:
Drinking enough water is a necessity in order to stay healthy and ensure that your body functions smoothly. The importance of drinking water increases further if you are an expectant mother.
When you're pregnant, you need more water than the average person in order to form amniotic fluid, produce extra blood, build new tissue, carry nutrients, enhance digestion, and flush out wastes and toxins.
How much is enough?
Since you need more water during pregnancy, how much is enough? It’s recommended that you drink 8-12 glasses of water a day, or 2.3 litres. If your trips to the bathroom are frequent and your urine is pale or colourless, you're drinking is on track.
Could you be dehydrated?
Signs of dehydration to watch out for:
- Overheating
- Headaches/sluggishness
- Dark or concentrated urine
Benefits of keeping well hydrated when pregnant
Especially during hot summer months, as a mum to be you will want to make sure you stay adequately hydrated. Here are just some of the benefits of staying hydrated during your pregnancy:
- Decreases constipation/haemorrhoids
- Reduces swelling
- Prevents fatigue, headaches and
overheating
- Softens skin
- Increases energy
- Keeps you cooler
- Decreases risk of urinary tract
infections
- Decreases risk of preterm labour
and preterm birth
Having a hard time keeping hydrated? Follow these easy tips:
- Add fruits such as lemons,
limes, and frozen raspberries to your water.
- Avoid caffeine.
- Increase your fruit and
vegetable intake (they have water, too!).
- Milk, juice, sparkling water,
tea, and soups all count as water or fluid intake.
- Listen to your body; drink
enough fluids that you rarely feel thirsty.
- Drink enough fluids that your
urine is and colourless or light yellow.
- Stay out of the heat. Exercise
indoors or early or late in the day.
- Increase your fluid intake when
you increase your activity level.
Dehydration can lead to serious complications including; low amniotic fluid, kidney stones, swelling and urinary tract infections, which can lead to birth defects, preterm labour and preterm birth. It is therefore very important to keep well hydrated and please see your doctor if you have any concerns.
The team at Newcastle Obstetrics & Ultrasound for Women are here to support you during your pregnancy, call 4947 4903.